Q: Explain the basic concept of probability according to the lecture.
A. A basic concept of probability is explained in this video. A “fair” coin means that it has an “equal chance” of landing on one side or another when you flip it; landing on either side is “equally likely” to occur. One side is called “heads” and another “tails.” The probability is obtained by dividing the number of possibilities that meet the conditions by the number of equally likely possibilities. If you run an experiment of this fundamentally random event of getting heads by flipping a coin many times, the result would eventually converge to 50%. If you roll a “fair” die, there are six equally likely possibilities and the probability of rolling one side is one out of six; while the probability of rolling one or three is one out of three; however, the probability of rolling two “and” three is zero because rolling two “and” rolling three are “mutually exclusive” events.
one of the most interesting cell of human body, the neuron – brain, nervous system, responsible for thoughts, feelings, sentience
a neuron, communication, transmit signals across its length.
body of a neuron = Soma, nucleus, stick out, branching, branches off soma, dendrites, the neuron receive signals
Tail, Axon, long, short, several feet, distance of the signals travel, at the end, axon terminal, connect to other dendrites, tissue, muscle, to tell something
axon hillock, connects the cell body to axon, impulses travel, insulating cells around axons, Schwann cells, covering, make up myelin sheaths, spaces between = nodes of Ranvier
signals transmitted, combined effects of signals summed up, large enough action potential, transmitted, synapses, via synapsis to another dendrites, axons, taste buds
1. Explain the anatomical structure of a neuron according to the lecture.
A sample answer: There is a body of the neuron called soma, where the nucleus is, from which branches called dendrites stick out and branch off. The soma has a trail called an axon that is connected via a part called an axon hillock. The axon could be several feet long and this is where the signals travel and it ends with axon terminals that spread out to transmit signals. The axon is covered for insulation by the cells called Schwann cells, which make up myelin sheaths. There are gaps between myelin sheaths, which are called nodes of Ranvier.
2. How is a signal transmitted from one neuron to another?
A sample answer: A neuron transmits signals or communicates. When there are stimuli, dendrites act as the receivers of the signals. While the stimuli is small, nothing happens but when the combined effect of the signals is summed up large enough to gain action potential, the signals travel from the dendrites through the axon to the axon terminals where synapses receive the signals to transmit them to another dendrite for transmission, tissue and muscle to do something, or even taste buds to taste salt for example.
Adamorbis 英語 