タグ: 学習者

Healthcare for English Learners 2 – 医療口頭試験問題2回答例

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Heart2

この練習問題は、前記事のビデオと回答を見てからの方がわかりやすいかもしれません。

医療口頭試験問題回答例

Q: Summarize the lecture in one minute.

Answer: This video talks about heart diseases and heart attacks, caused by clogged coronary arteries (LCA and RCA), which provide blood to the heart. A plaque contains lipids; fat, cholesterol, and dead while blood cells, which obstruct the blood flow, will build up on the wall of the arteries, which called atherosclerosis, narrowing the vessels supplying blood.

The restriction of blood flow, ischemia, a deprivation of blood flow and oxygen downstream causes heart disease or coronary artery disease. This is one of the causes of a heart failure, when the heart being unable to function.

The symptom of ischemia is strangling chest pain, angina pectoris, that occurs when a plaque keeps growing and ruptures by turbulent blood flow, lipids, thrombogenic material, that exposed to blood immediately forms clot, obstructing the blood vessel. The cells downstream will no longer get oxygen and die, infarction is a primary cause of a heart attack.

A cardiac arrest, not  a heart attack or a heart failure, is dying, or stopping of the heart. People may survive a heart attack, but they will not a cardiac arrest.

これで1分です。

Biology Anatomy of a Neuron for English Learners　ー　生物学神経細胞の分析口頭試験回答例

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さて、生物学神経細胞の分析口頭試験うまく話せましたか。

おかしな事をいうようですが、英語の話を聞いて、それについてスピーキング、つまり口頭で回答をする場合、語彙を始めすべて日本語でなんというかなど考えずに話してください。はっきり語彙が聞こえなくて、正しく発音できなくてもいいんです。それより、問の回答としてプレゼンテーションができることが大切です。語彙や動詞など、そのまま聞こえたとおりに使えばいいのです。

試験でも、実生活でも、日本語で考えているような間はありません。

回答例です。

My notes:

one of the most interesting cell of human body, the neuron – brain, nervous system, responsible for thoughts, feelings, sentience

a neuron, communication, transmit signals across its length.

body of a neuron = Soma, nucleus, stick out, branching, branches off soma, dendrites, the neuron receive signals

Tail, Axon, long, short, several feet, distance of the signals travel, at the end, axon terminal, connect to other dendrites, tissue, muscle, to tell something

axon hillock, connects the cell body to axon, impulses travel, insulating cells around axons, Schwann cells, covering, make up myelin sheaths, spaces between = nodes of Ranvier

signals transmitted, combined effects of signals summed up, large enough action potential, transmitted, synapses, via synapsis to another dendrites, axons, taste buds

1. Explain the anatomical structure of a neuron according to the lecture.

A sample answer: There is a body of the neuron called soma, where the nucleus is, from which branches called dendrites stick out and branch off. The soma has a trail called an axon that is connected via a part called an axon hillock. The axon could be several feet long and this is where the signals travel and it ends with axon terminals that spread out to transmit signals. The axon is covered for insulation by the cells called Schwann cells, which make up myelin sheaths. There are gaps between myelin sheaths, which  are called nodes of Ranvier.

2. How is a signal transmitted from one neuron to another?

A sample answer: A neuron transmits signals or communicates. When there are stimuli, dendrites act as the receivers of the signals. While the stimuli is small, nothing happens but when the combined effect of the signals is summed up large enough to gain action potential, the signals travel from the dendrites through the axon to the axon terminals where synapses receive the signals to transmit them to another dendrite for transmission, tissue and muscle to do something, or even taste buds to taste salt for example.